Thymosin Alpha-1 Reference

Immunomodulatory peptide · Approved in 35+ countries (Zadaxin); not FDA approved; barred from US 503A compounding

ClassImmunomodulatory peptide
StatusApproved in 35+ countries (Zadaxin); not FDA approved; barred from US 503A compounding
Typical vials5 mg, 10 mg
Dose range0.8 mg to 3.2 mg
FrequencyTwice weekly
Half-life~2 hours
Dosing unitmilligrams
RouteSubcutaneous injection

What Thymosin Alpha-1 is

Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid fragment of prothymosin alpha with a genuine clinical record: approved as Zadaxin in more than 35 countries for hepatitis B and C and as an immune adjuvant, with decades of human use at 1.6 mg twice weekly. It is not FDA approved, and in 2023 it was placed in 503A category 2, ending US compounding pharmacy access and pushing users to the gray market.

Reconstitution math

Concentration is everything: the same 5 mg vial gives a different draw for every amount of bacteriostatic water you add. The table uses the common 2 mL setup for each vial size, which puts every unit on a U-100 insulin syringe at 25 mcg for the default vial. Dashes mark draws too small to measure or larger than the syringe.

VialBAC waterConcentration0.8 mg1.6 mg3.2 mg
5 mg2 mL2.5 mg/mL32 u64 u-
10 mg2 mL5 mg/mL16 u32 u64 u
Thymosin Alpha-1 syringe drawsDRAW GUIDEEach dose as a filled syringe5 mg vial + 2 mL bacteriostatic water = 0.25 mg per 0.1 mL (10 units).0102030405060708090100units on a U-100 insulin syringe0.8 mg32 u (0.32 mL)1.6 mg64 u (0.64 mL)peprecon.com
Draw positions for the common doses at the default setup.

Dosing and protocol

Zadaxin label dose is 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly; community immune protocols mirror it.

The clinical dose is 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly, which on a 5 mg vial with 2 mL of water is a 64-unit draw. Community immune support protocols use the same dose and cadence, sometimes at half dose. Its two-hour half-life means each dose is a discrete immune signal, not a maintained level; accumulation math does not apply.

Pharmacokinetics

Thymosin Alpha-1 has published human pharmacokinetics: peak about one to two hours after a subcutaneous dose; half-life around two hours. The curves below are normalized one-compartment models built from the cited half-life, the same math the Planner uses. They show shape and timing, not absolute blood levels.

Thymosin Alpha-1 single-dose curvePHARMACOKINETICSOne dose, start to finishRelative level after one subcutaneous dose. Half-life ~2 hours; about 97% cleared by 10 hours.0%25%50%75%100%0246810hours after injectionpeak ~1.3 hhalf of peakpeprecon.com

Storage and handling

Lyophilized vials keep best cold, dark, and dry; refrigeration is the community default and freezing lyophilized powder is common for long holds. After reconstitution, refrigerate at 2 to 8 C, do not freeze the solution, and date the vial. Bacteriostatic water's preservative keeps multi-dose use practical for about 28 days by USP convention, though our 120-day stability study found the preservative itself outlasts that window.

Got a certificate of analysis with your vial? Run it through our COA Reader: it reads the report in plain English, checks purity and mass against the label claim, and links the testing lab’s own verification page. Our guide to reading a COA explains what the numbers do and do not tell you.

Sources

  1. Zadaxin prescribing information (SciClone Pharmaceuticals)
  2. King and Tuthill, Immune modulation with thymosin alpha 1 treatment, Vitam Horm 2016
  3. FDA 503A bulk substances category 2 listing (2023)

Related references: Epithalon · SS-31